Trump 8 – Strength

At break of day, the king got up and hurried to the den of lions. When he came near the den where Daniel was, he cried out anxiously to Daniel, “O Daniel, servant of the living God, has your God whom you faithfully serve been able to deliver you from the lions?” Daniel then said to the king, “O king, live forever! My God sent his angel and shut the lions’ mouths so that they would not hurt me, because I was found blameless before him; and also before you, O king, I have done no wrong.” Then the king was exceedingly glad and commanded that Daniel be taken up out of the den. So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no kind of harm was found on him, because he had trusted in his God. [Daniel 6:19-23, NRSV]

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Rider-Waite Tarot

Strength comes in many different forms, but the Strength card refers to the kind of strength that comes from within.  Historically, this card was called “Fortitude,” which means the strength of mind and emotions we need to endure pain or adversity with courage.  Who doesn’t want that?  The question which remains is “How do we obtain this kind of strength?”

The Rider-Waite version of the card depicts a young maiden gently taming a lion. It brings to mind legends such as Daniel in the Lion’s Den from the Bible and Androcles and the Lion from Aesop’s Fables.  The infinity/lemniscate symbol that floats above her head is the same symbol that floats above the head of the Magician, Trump 1.  In Arthur Waite’s explanation of the meaning of the Magician he says this symbol stands for “the Holy Spirit, the sign of life.” Furthermore, in his explanation of the Strength card he says, “The card has nothing to do with self-confidence in the ordinary sense, though this has been suggested—but it concerns the confidence of those whose strength is God, who have found their refuge in Him.”

It’s clear that Waite understood that while true strength comes from within, it’s source is the Divine Presence.  As a Christian healer and practitioner of magic, this resonates strongly with me.  I am just a vessel through which the powers of the Divine Presence and nature flow.  If I tried to have this kind of strength on my own, I would eventually “run out of juice.”  I believe my calling is to be still, grounded, centered and focused, and allow the Universe to take care of the rest.  Like my Wiccan friends and teachers, I also call upon the Guardians, Ancestors and Elemental Spirits to aid me in my work.  Again, I am much stronger with their help than I could be on my own.

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DruidCraft Tarot

That being said, I believe the Strength card is also about us.  When it appears in a reading, it’s a sign that it’s time for us to “put on our big girl panties” and deal with whatever danger, challenge or obstacle is in front of us.  The Strength card is telling us “You can do this!” but it’s going to take some self-discipline in order to pull it off.  Now is NOT the time to go into battle with our guns blazing like the Terminator.  Instead, it’s time for us to channel our “inner Neo” and find a different kind of strength that can confront situations and people that are bigger and stronger than we are.

The DruidCraft version of this card is quite elegant and beautiful.  It portrays a woman in red (a color symbolic of courage, strength and protection) who pets a wild boar like its a little puppy.  It’s a more Euro-centric version of the Strength since lions don’t live in our hemisphere except in zoos.  It’s meaning is essentially the same as the Rider-Waite version of the card.  In the explanation book that comes with the DruidCraft deck, the authors say “You will find the Wild Wisdom that sings in the depths of your soul.”  What a beautiful way to talk about the meaning of this card.

Copyright ©2015 by sabbatsandsabbaths.com

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Hyssop: Purification and Protection

hyssop01I am fortunate to have a wonderful metaphysical store in the city where I live.  The owners have a deep knowledge of herbs and magic and I usually have a new question to ask them every time I go into the store!  (They always have an insightful answer.)

I recently asked them about what oil I should use to dress my protection spell candles.  Their recommendation, based on the kind of magical work I do which incorporates Wicca but is Christian-based, was for me to keep it simple: hyssop in olive oil.  Based on Scott Cunningham’s recommendations in his must-have book The Complete Book of Incense, Oils and Brews, I put 7 drops of hyssop essential oil in 1/8 cup of olive oil and swirled it in a clockwise direction until it was mixed together.  I use this not only on my candles but also as a protective anointing oil for myself.

Hyssop is the most widely used purification herb in magic.  Paul Beyerl, in A Compendium of Herbal Magick, says “There is probably no herb better suited for physical cleaning of one’s temple, ritual tools or even robes.  The easiest method is adding some liquid extract to your cleaning water.  Hyssop also makes a superior bathing herb, bringing purification to the spiritual, emotional and physical selves.”  Others suggest that hyssop can be used in spiritual healing to drive away evil and negativity and to also protect the healer.

The use of hyssop goes back to the Egyptians who used it for religious purification. The priests ate this herb with bread in order to purify it and make it suitable for their strict diet.  Hyssop was also used by Greeks and Romans with its name coming from the Greek word USSOPOS meaning “holy herb.”  Hyssop was eventually incorporated into the Christian tradition.  It was often planted in monastery gardens and was used in the ritual cleansing of churches.

Now for the controversy!  The hyssop that is explored in this post is NOT the hyssop mentioned in the Bible.  The original Hebrew word is EZOV and early Jewish commentators identified it with za’atar which also has aromatic and cleansing properties.  Other scholars say that EZOV is the caper plant which the Arabs call azaf.  The caper plant is native to the area and is also considered to have cleansing properties.

The reason for the confusion is that the Septuagint (an early translation of the Hebrew Bible into Koine Greek) translates EZOV as USSOPOS.  Since both herbs have cleansing properties, it’s easy to see how the misidentification arose.  Early English versions of the Bible took their cue from the Septuagint and called the herb hyssop in both the Old and New Testaments.  After examining extensive evidence on the subject, I’m inclined to believe they are two different herbs.

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Trump 7 – The Chariot

Then Saul said, “O LORD God of Israel, why have you not answered your servant today? If this guilt is in me or in my son Jonathan, O LORD God of Israel, give Urim; but if this guilt is in your people Israel, give Thummim.” And Jonathan and Saul were indicated by the lot, but the people were cleared.  [1 Samuel 14:41, NRSV]

In the breastpiece of judgment you shall put the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be on Aaron’s heart when he goes in before the LORD; thus Aaron shall bear the judgment of the Israelites on his heart before the LORD continually. [Exodus 28:30, NRSV]

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Rider-Waite Tarot

One of the keys to understanding The Chariot is a somewhat hidden Jewish symbol.  According to Arthur Waite “On the shoulders of the victorious hero are supposed to be the Urim and Thummim.”  I had never heard of these terms before but I did some digging, and here’s what I found:  Rabbi Richard Elliott Friedman, whose scholarship I trust wholeheartedly says the following in his Commentary on the Torah: “We have pondered for centuries what these are.  They have something to do with inquiring God for an answer to a question.  They may contain letters that can spell out long answers, or they may provide only a ‘yes’ or ‘no,’ or they may also provide a third option of ‘no response.’  It is known as a practice only in Israel’s earliest era.”

The Urim and Thummin were some kind of divination device.  They may have been stones or sticks that were placed in a special pocket that was sewn into the breastplate of the High Priest, near his heart.  They were clearly used for divination or cleromancy.  Urim is translated into English as “lights” and Thummin means “perfections.”  Later Greek translations of the Old Testament chose to use the words “revelation” and “truth,” in keeping with their purpose rather than their appearance.  The breastplate itself is an emblem of compete truth.

With this symbol decoded, The Chariot is a card of great power that shows a victorious hero in a chariot throne.  With the help of the Divine Presence, he has discerned a clear path forward.  It’s time to take the reins and seize the day! This card speaks of triumph, success, control, mastery, overcoming obstacles and journeys to be taken.  The black and white Egyptian androsphinxes on the card reinforce this theme as symbols of abundance, power, wisdom, mysteries and truth.  He also has a staff/spear in his hand which corresponds to the suit of Wands.  This also speaks of spiritual knowledge, enlightenment and divination.

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DruidCraft Tarot

The DruidCraft version of The Chariot simplifies the symbolism quite a bit, with horses replacing the white and black androsphinxes, and a wheel of the year replacing the ancient Jewish symbols.  The card still speaks of the same themes as the Rider Waite version.  When The Chariot appears in a reading it is telling us we have the skills and wisdom required to master a difficult circumstance and/or be able to discern the correct path forward.  The Chariot tells us it’s time to move forward in a way that is strong and decisive. The wisdom of the Divine Presence is with us so we have nothing to fear.

Copyright ©2015 by sabbatsandsabbaths.com

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Learning to Love Yourself

hc real“How can anyone be compassionate toward her neighbor who is not compassionate toward herself?  This is why Jesus says ‘Be compassionate!’  He wants our compassion to begin at home, he wants us to be compassionate toward our own body and soul.” —Meister Eckhart

There is a wonderful piece of wisdom that is often overlooked in both the Wiccan Rede and in Jesus’ Greatest Commandments: The need for us to love ourselves.  The Wiccan Rede tells us “An it harm none, do what you will.”  The “none” mentioned here also includes us!  Likewise, when Jesus said the Greatest Commandments are to “love God” and “love your neighbor as yourself”, it means we cannot fully love the Divine Presence or our neighbor until we learn to love ourselves.

I am a firm believer that all of our magical and spiritual work needs to begin and end in a place of love.  When we are at peace with ourselves; when we can embrace who we are, both the good and the bad; we are far more powerful than if we are full of anxiety and self-hatred.  My Wiccan teachers taught me well: Never do magic when you’re angry or vengeful.  Always take the time to create within yourself, and within the circle you cast, a place of love, peace and harmony.  When we do this, our rituals and magic will always fulfill the intent of the Wiccan Rede and the Greatest Commandments.

I wish I could tell you that loving yourself is easy.  It’s not.  It takes a lot of soul-searching, spiritual growth and sometimes a good therapist or energy healer!  But I believe the work is well worth the effort.  Magic is a powerful and sacred gift that should never be abused or used for nefarious purposes.  When we learn to love ourselves, we assure that our work will be blessed by the Divine Presence as we will become a powerful source of healing in the lives of others and in our world.

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Casting the Circle: A Christian Magician’s Perspective

archangelsAccording to Scott Cunningham in his book Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner, the magic circle can be thought of as “a well-defined though non-physical temple.”  The practice of casting protective circles is very ancient and has been used by countless spiritual traditions on many continents.  My Wiccan teachers have given me an immense appreciation for the power of working in such a sacred space.  Personally, I wouldn’t do magic without it.  It enables me to invite good energies in while keeping bad energies out!

Everyone I’ve talked to casts a circle a bit differently than others.  Some do it in a highly ritualized fashion.  Others keep it extemporaneous and simple.  I though you might be interested in reading about one Christian approach to casting a protective circle.  This is my personal practice which, not surprisingly, borrows from a number of spiritual traditions. (I am a spiritual mongrel if nothing else!)

Incense and Astral Candle—I begin by lighting incense that corresponds with the kind of magical work I’m going to do such as healing, protection, etc.  If I’m doing nothing specific I use an all-purpose blend designed to bring protective, cleansing and healing energy to the circle I’m about to cast.  I also light my Astral candle which corresponds to my Zodiac sign.

Grounding—I take three deep breaths and try to send any negative energy I’m holding onto into the ground.  My personal experience of this step is that it makes my feet feel heavy and rooted.  It is a wonderful feeling.

First Energy Raising—I visualize bringing up earth energy from the core of our planet and into my feet.  It makes my feet tingle and I see it in my mind’s eye as the color red.  I then visualize pulling down the energy of the sun, moon and stars through my head which I see as the color white.  These two energy strands then meet in the middle of my body and wrap around each other like a DNA double helix.  Then I send the energy through my arms and hands.  When my hands begin to feel warm, I know I’m ready to cast the circle.  I never cast a circle until I reach this point.

Casting the Circle—With my hands outstretched, I say the Protection Prayer as I turn clockwise in a circle.  I visualize a perimeter being established in the room or outdoor space I’m in.  If I feel I need extra protection I will sprinkle three pinches of salt in the chalice on my altar, swirl it around, and then sprinkle the mixture around the circle.  Here’s the Protection Prayer:

The Light of God surrounds me.
The Love of God enfolds me.
The Power of God protects me.
The Presence of God watches over me.
Wherever I am, God is.  All is well.

Call the Quarters—I usually do this extemporaneously and my practice is fairly Wiccan in nature.  I start in the East and call the Guardians and Ancient Ones/Ancestors of the East to join me as well as the Elemental Spirit of Air.  I often say something about the qualities of the Element I’m invoking such as inspiration and creativity for Air.  Then I move clockwise to the South and Fire, to the West and Water, and finally to the North and Earth.  (Others designate things differently but this is what works for me.)  A number of Christians associate the Guardians with archangels: Raphael is East, Michael is South, Gabriel is West and Uriel is North.

Call the Divine Presence—I make the sign of the cross as I gather in the name of God, the Great Mystery, Jesus Christ, the Light of the World, and Sophia, Holy Wisdom, which is how I envision the Holy Trinity.  I ask them to help me in my time of meditation and magic.  I also call on St. Brigid to lend her aid as well.  (I have an icon of her on my altar and have a special affinity with her.)  As I invoke the name of this Triple goddess who was morphed into a Christian saint, I make a circle on my breast plate three times for the Maiden, Mother, and Crone aspect of Brigid.

Second Energy Raising—I then take a seat and start my meditation/energy raising.  I use an original chant: “Energize the sacred sphere, so perfect love casts out all fear.”  I also use a Druidic tone chant I know as the Oh-Ee-Ah.  The “Oh” (as in dough) forms the energy in my body, the “Ee” (as in teeth) pulls it back like an arrow in a bow, then the “Ah” (as in father) lets it fly out into the circle.  I also spend some time in silent meditation and continue to raise energy until I know it’s time for my magical work to begin.

Magic—This is where I often do candle/herbal magic on behalf of others.  Most of my work is for healing, protection or justice.  It is not in my personal code of magical ethics to do any hexing, etc.  Some do, but it’s never felt right to me so I don’t do it. (That’s good advice for any aspect of magic as far as I’m concerned: If it makes you uncomfortable, don’t do it!)

Third Energy Raising—In addition to ritual actions I also try to send positive energy to whoever or whatever needs it.  This goes out to individuals, nature and world situations that have been on my mind.  I also sometimes spend extra time in silent meditation.

Opening the Circle—When I’m finished I dismiss the Quarters, starting in the North and going counter-clockwise until I end up in facing East.  I thank the Guardians, Ancient Ones and Elemental Spirits of each direction for their presence and help.  I then thank the Trinity as well as Brigid for their Holy Presence in my circle.  Then, in a sweeping motion with my hand I turn counterclockwise and imagine the circle being lifted.  As I do this, I say, “This Circle is open but it is never unbroken because it is a Circle woven in love.”  The last thing I do is send any leftover energy that was raised back into the earth and to nurture the plants and animals closest to me.

Copyright ©2015 by sabbatsandsabbaths.com

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Copal: Central American Frankincense

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Copal being used on Dia de Los Muertos

If the Wise Men (The original Greek word is magos which means “magician”) had lived in North America instead of the Middle East, they would have probably offered a gift of Copal to baby Jesus instead of Frankincense.  Copal is a delightful tree resin with a piney-lemon scent.  Unlike Frankincense, which can become bitter the longer it burns, Copal is sweet from start to finish.  Copal is also much easier to crush into powdered form with a mortal and pestle.

Copal has long been used by the Maya, Nahuatl (Aztec), and Zoque people in Mexico and Central America.  Its name is a variant of the Nahuatl word copalli which simply means “incense.”  The Mayans call it pom.  Copal played an important role in the religious rites of these ancient tribes.  It was considered to be the “food of the gods,” and was burned as an offering to them.  Today Copal is still used for ritual purification and is often used at Day of the Dead gatherings and ceremonies to help the dead find their way back to the spirit world.

For Wiccans, Copal’s planet is the Sun and its element is Fire.  It is used for protection, love, purification and exorcism.  Scott Cunningham and Paul Beyerl say it can be used as a substitute for Frankincense.  Copal is also used in the African-American conjure tradition which attributes similar magical qualities to the resin.  Catherine Yronwode, in her book Hoodoo Herb and Root Magic, says that in in the United States Christians in the Spiritualist tradition recite the 23rd Psalm while burning Copal or speak aloud their gratitude for blessings received.

This should be enough info for you to give this wonderful incense a try.  The only word of caution is to make sure you buy a high quality version of Copal.  It can vary in color from white to pale yellow to almost orange in color.  There is also a black version of it as well.  The general rule of thumb seems to be the lighter the color, the better the quality, although not everyone is in agreement on this.  You can also buy Copal in self-igniting incense sticks but I prefer to use it in its natural state.  I grind it and add it to incense blends, but it is also wonderful when it’s burned by itself.

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Unethical Magic

Excellent blog entry on ethics. A must read.

witchesbrew's avatarCauldron and Brew: A Witch's Blog

Magic isn’t black and white or light and dark.  In fact, I get irritated when practitioners grandstand about the merits of being aligned exclusively with either side of the craft.  Part of the wisdom of working with the gods and nature is that nothing is clear-cut and life is too complex to be confined in a restrictive mentality.  That being said, there is such a thing as ethical and unethical witchcraft.  Yeah, yeah, I know.  Ethics implies that there is a right and a wrong way to approach a situation, and as we established dichotomies suck.  But most ethical traditions and systems of personal ethics embrace the grey areas and nuances to every situation.  So ethics isn’t a dichotomy so much as a multi-layered approach to acting and reacting.

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Trump 6 – The Lovers

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Rider-Waite Tarot

“The LORD God called to the man, and said to him, “Where are you?” He said, “I heard the sound of you in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.” He said, “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?” The man said, “The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate.” Then the LORD God said to the woman, “What is this that you have done?” The woman said, “The serpent tricked me, and I ate.” [Genesis 3:9-12, NRSV]

This may be one of the most misunderstood cards in the Tarot deck because it refers to SO much more than sexual love.  The Rider-Waite version of this card draws its inspiration from the story of The Fall in Genesis 3.  Arthur Waite says “the sun shines in the zenith” which I understand to symbolize the power of the Divine Presence shining upon us. There is also an unspecified “great winged figure with arms extended, pouring down influences.”  While Waite doesn’t name this figure, if we take Genesis 3 as our guide it is the Divine Presence, either as an angel emissary to warn the couple of impending danger or Sophia, Holy Wisdom/Holy Spirit, who is trying to help them to “lay aside immaturity, and live, and walk in the way of insight.” [Prov 9:6]

The Lovers also includes Adam [Heb, adahm, which means “earth creature”] and the woman [Heb. ishshah, which simply means “woman”  The name “Eve” does not appear until Genesis 4:1].  The artwork suggests that this is pre-Fall where they have a choice between eating of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil [which is right behind the woman with the serpent entwined around it] or not.

Waite states the meaning of this card quite beautifully, “The figures suggest youth, virginity, innocence and love before it is contaminated by gross material desire.”  It’s interesting to note that in the passage I quoted at the beginning of this post, the “blame game” has commenced: The Divine Presence blames the man, the man blames the woman, the woman blames the snake.  This is what happens when love fall apart.  It get’s pretty nasty sometimes.

dcloversSeen in this context, The Lovers points to so much more than physical love.  Ellen Canon Reed, in her magnificent book, The Witches Tarot, echoes this deeper meaning of the card.  “The Lovers is a title which has caused many mistakes in interpretation, for we tend to think of lovers only as those involved romantically.  A lover is one who loves, and that means all loving relationships, including the threefold relationship depicted on the card. All three figures on the card are you: The man is your Personality, the woman is your Individuality, the other figure is your Spirit.”  This is quite an interesting way to reflect on the meaning of the card and what it is saying to you.

The DruidCraft version of it is more sensual with the Lord and Lady intertwined in an untamed embrace.  There is a fawn watching them from the distance in the background.  But don’t let this image fool you.  Philip and Stephanie Carr-Gomm, the creators of the deck, summarize this card by saying “At every moment you have a choice.  Love is at the heart of life.  All creation is born out of love.”

So when The Lovers appears in a reading it may be calling us to be careful as to who and how we love.  It calls us to be “lovers” in the fullest sense of the word where our love for other people and creation is never exploitive or abusive, but is healing and transformative.  It is a powerful card, indeed.

Copyright ©2015 by sabbatsandsabbaths.com

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Hoodoo Candle Magic

hoodoo02The last two books I’ve read dealt with the history and philosophy of candle magic in the African-American Spiritualist tradition. This particular approach to candle magic originated in the South, especially New Orleans.  It’s a mixture of African-American folk magic and Roman Catholic candle lighting that can also include elements of Jamaican Obeah, Mainline Christianity, Jewish Kabbalah, and Spiritualism.

I find this approach to candle magic interesting for several reasons: 1) It shows yet  another group of people who incorporated Pagan magical traditions into their Christian faith and saw no contraction between the two. 2) Although this form of candle magic has its roots in Africa, it is strikingly similar to European Pagan candle magic.  Some of it is very Gardnerian (see Henri Gamache) with high ritual and complex steps that must be followed.  Other variations are meant for simple town and rural folk who didn’t have a lot of money but used what they had around them including homemade candles, brown paper bags, a Bible, and herbs.

It’s rather fascinating to see how similar these two candle magic traditions are.  They originate from two separate continents, yet contain almost identical elements. I also suspect that as this Spiritualist tradition spread Northward, others incorporated European folk traditions into it.  This is especially true of the Blue Ridge Mountains where I live.  The “mountain hoodoo” that is practiced here has roots in both European and African traditions.  It just goes to show you that we all go through a process of taking what is useful, in terms of ritual and belief, and incorporating it into our spiritual practice no matter what tradition it is from.  We are all spiritual “mutts” in this regard and I wouldn’t have it any other way.

HOODOO CANDLE ART_21If you’re interested in learning more, I recommend the following books which can be ordered through Amazon.  They are a quick read but are packed with lots of info.

The Art of Hoodoo Candle Magic in Rootwork, Conjure, and Spiritual Church Services, Catherine Yronwode & Mikhail Strabo, Missionary Independent Spiritual Church, 2013.  (Insightful book regarding the African-American Spiritualist candle magic tradition.  Anyone who does candle magic can learn something from this book.)

The Master Book of Candle Burning, Henri Gamache, revised edition, Original Publications, 1998. (My personal practice is much simpler than this. However, it’s an interesting introduction to a very formal Christian way of doing candle magic.)

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Jesus and His Wand in Christian Art

While in seminary, I took a wonderful class in Christian art and architecture.  One of the most interesting things I learned is that early Christians thought it was idolatrous to depict physical images of Jesus in their art.  Therefore, they would use symbols such as the itchus (fish) and anchor to represent their faith.

In the third century, attitudes toward depicting Jesus in art began to loosen and biblical scenes from his life began to emerge.  The earliest surviving portraits of Jesus are either as an infant or often as a youth, especially as the good shepherd.  Most of these images are found in the ancient Christians catacombs.

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Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead

The one that is of most interest to readers of my blog is Jesus as a magician.  Yes, that’s what I said!  Christ the magician or miracle worker became a common image on ancient Christian sarcophagi.  In many of these portraits he is seen as wielding a small staff or wand.

There are varying opinions about this depiction but I believe it goes back to the staff of Moses from the Old Testament.  In stories such as the parting of the Red Sea and turning the Nile River into blood, Moses’ staff became the conduit of Divine and natural power that brought about these miraculous/magical events.

When the writers of the gospels came along, they sometimes wrapped the stories of Moses around Jesus as a commentary that Jesus was the “new Moses” who was leading all of God’s people to a new promised land.  Therefore, the appearance of the staff/wand in early Christian art should come as no big surprise.  These early Christians obviously saw Jesus as a miracle worker or magician (in its broadest sense of the word).  While there is no evidence in the gospels that Jesus used a wand, this early art image shows that Christians understood him as one who powerfully channeled Divine and natural energies to bring about changes in our world.  The stories where this most commonly is depicted in sarcophagi art is Jesus multiplying the loaves and fishes, turning water into wine, and raising Lazarus from the dead.

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Jesus multiplying the loaves and fishes

For me, these early art images of “Christ the magician” strengthen the notion that many early Christians had no problem with magic, although they would probably speak of it in terms of miraculous healing and casting out demons. Furthermore, this magical tradition did not end with Jesus.  In fact, the book of Acts has a number of stories where the disciples of Jesus performed similar acts to those mentioned in the gospels.  Not surprisingly, this also shows up in sarcophagi art with St. Peter using a wand as well!

Art, in all of its forms, has always been a profound commentary of the times in which it was created.  The portrayal of Jesus using a wand speaks volumes about the way early Christians understood their Savior.  (Take the time to do a Google search and you will discover quite a few of these wonderful images online!)

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